DETAIL PARTS OF A BUILDING

Oluwadimu O.M

 


 DETAILS OF PARTS OF A BUILDING: WALL, OPENINGS (ARCH), LINTEL, DOOR AND WINDOW.

WALL

A wall is a continuous vertically framed or solid structure usually of blocks, stone, concrete, timber or metal, thin or proportional to its length and height.

FUNCTIONS OF WALLS

1. It encloses and protects a building.

2. It divides a building into compartments and rooms.

3. It bears the roof's load and transmits it to the foundation.

4. It protects the occupants of a building against wind, rain, and unfavorable weather conditions.

TYPES OF WALLS

1. Load-bearing walls: These can be internal or external that transmit the roof's load to the foundation.

2. non-load-bearing walls: These are internal partition walls that divide the building into rooms but do not carry any load.

OPENINGS IN WALLS.

Opening in a wall is that part of the wall that is not covered with walling material. It is allowed to provide for windows, doors, and ventilation spaces. It is spanned on top by a lintel.


LINTEL

The lintel is the single solid length of reinforced concrete, steel, timber, or stone built over an opening for bridging so as to support the wall or any load over it. Concrete is a mixture of cement, sand, gravel, and water in a given ratio e.g 1:3:6 or 1:2:4 by volume or weight.

ARCHWAYS

Archways are curved lintels that bridge or span openings in walls. It contributes to the aesthetic of a building.

TYPES OF ARCHWAY

1. SEMI-CIRCULAR ARC



2. SEGMENTAL ARCH



3. EQUILATERAL GOTHIC ARC



4. LANCET ARC



5. ELLIPTICAL ARC



DOORS.

A door is made of timber, metal, glass, or a combination of any of the aforementioned to secure the entrance or exit of a building and the compartments with the building.

TYPES OF DOOR

1. Panel door

2. Flush door

3. Battened door

4. Metal door

5. Aluminium and glazed door.

PARTS OF A TYPICAL DOOR


WINDOW

Windows are constructed using timber, steel, aluminium, and glass or a combination of the aforementioned materials.

TYPES OF WINDOW

1. Sliding window

2. Casement window

3. Louvre window

4. Projected window

5. Fixed glass window

ASSIGNMENT

Draw and label parts of the following:

Sliding window, casement window, Louvre window, Projected window and fixed glass window.



DETAILS OF PARTS OF A BUILDING: STAIRS AND ROOF

Stairs consist of a series of steps with accompanying handrails that provide for to and fro movement between upper and lower floors in a building. 

A stairway is a complete system of treads, risers, strings, landing, balustrade, and other component parts in one or more successive flights of stairs.

A stairwell is a space occupied by a staircase.


PARTS OF A STAIR



TYPES OF STAIR
1. Straight flight


2. Quarter-turn


3. Dog-leg stair


4. Spiral stair



ROOF

The roof is the uppermost part of a building that provides cover for the building structure. It is constructed with timber, steel, concrete, and aluminium.



TYPES OF ROOF

There are two main types of roofs namely:


1. Pitch roof

Pitch roof are roofs tilted or inclined at an angle and it comes in different sub-types.

a. Gable roof

b. Hipped roof

c. Butterfly roof

d. Lean-to roof

e. Double lean-to roof

(https://www.civilconcept.com/types-of-roof-types-of-roof-materials/)

WAEC and NECO syllabuses recommended the use of gable and hipped sub-types of pitch roof'




2. Concrete flat roof





This is constructed mainly of reinforced concrete with a parapet wall on its perimeter and concrete coping to cover the parapet wall so as to disallow the sipping of water into the parapet block wall.

Bituminous felt or asphalt of two or three layers is overlaid on the concrete roof slab in order to disallow water percolation through the concrete slab into the building below. The bitumen and asphalt are changed from time to time as a result of wearing off.


SECTIONAL VIEW OF THE ONGOING 3-BEDROOM BUNGALOW



FORMAT FOR THE FRONT COVER
It must be hand-written lettering




AUTOCAD

Please find below links to learn how to draw using AutoCAD.

https://youtu.be/SjNSOMl4KFo (Part 1)

https://youtu.be/Xin0ymj8zCs (Part 2)

https://youtu.be/fs7wDJ5U8og?list=TLPQMTcwNjIwMjI64XJFoMdbvQ   (Part 3)

https://youtu.be/HOJg-6q1sHk?list=TLPQMTcwNjIwMjI64XJFoMdbvQ   (Part 4)



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